CERCLA operates under the polluter pays principle = _____
Answer: charging polluting parties for cleanup
CERCLA operates under the polluter pays principle = _____
Answer: charging polluting parties for cleanup
Answer: charging polluting parties for cleanup
What two events spurred creation of Superfund legislation?
What two events spurred creation of Superfund legislation?
Answer: Love Canal and Times Beach
Industrial nations find it ________to pay developing nations to take the waste rather than pay to have it properly treated. Others illegally dump in developing nations.
Industrial nations find it ________to pay developing nations to take the waste rather than pay to have it properly treated. Others illegally dump in developing nations.
Answer: cheaper
The ___________ (RCRA) established how states must manage hazardous waste.
The ___________ (RCRA) established how states must manage hazardous waste.
Answer: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Since the ______s, cities have designated sites or collection days to gather household hazardous waste.
Since the ______s, cities have designated sites or collection days to gather household hazardous waste.
Answer: 1980
Heavy metals that are fat soluble and break down slowly can __________ and _________.
Heavy metals that are fat soluble and break down slowly can __________ and _________.
Answer: bioaccumulate, biomagnify
________-compounds resist bacterial, fungal, and insect activity & their resistance to decay makes them persistent pollutants.
________-compounds resist bacterial, fungal, and insect activity & their resistance to decay makes them persistent pollutants.
Answer: synthetic organic
_________ are the largest source of unregulated hazardous waste.
_________ are the largest source of unregulated hazardous waste.
Answer: households
Mining, small businesses, agriculture, utilities, and building demolition all produce ____________wastes.
Mining, small businesses, agriculture, utilities, and building demolition all produce ____________wastes.
Answer: hazardous
_______ produces the largest amount of hazardous waste, but waste generation and disposal are highly regulated.
_______ produces the largest amount of hazardous waste, but waste generation and disposal are highly regulated.
Answer: industry
Breweries in Canada, Sweden, Japan, and Namibia use waste from the ______ _______process to fuel other processes.
Breweries in Canada, Sweden, Japan, and Namibia use waste from the ______ _______process to fuel other processes.
Answer: beer brewing
Businesses, like American Airlines, are adopting ____ _______ and are saving money while reducing waste.
Businesses, like American Airlines, are adopting ____ _______ and are saving money while reducing waste.
Answer: industrial ecology
State or local govts regulate ________ solid waste (Their regulations tend to be less strict than federal regulations on municipal solid waste).
State or local govts regulate ________ solid waste (Their regulations tend to be less strict than federal regulations on municipal solid waste).
Answer: industrial
Businesses are weighing the benefits of salvaging materials in _________ that can be recycled & These approaches work when market prices are high.
Businesses are weighing the benefits of salvaging materials in _________ that can be recycled & These approaches work when market prices are high.
Answer: landfills
Recycling programs may operate at a loss, but market forces do not take into account the_____________ & _____________ effects of not recycling.
Recycling programs may operate at a loss, but market forces do not take into account the_____________ & _____________ effects of not recycling.
Answer: health, environmental
U.S. recycling rates rose from 6.4% in 1960 to ____ % in 2010 (34.1% if composting is included).
U.S. recycling rates rose from 6.4% in 1960 to ____ % in 2010 (34.1% if composting is included).
Answer: 26
There are now 9000 __________spanning all 50 states and serving half of all Americans.
There are now 9000 __________spanning all 50 states and serving half of all Americans.
Answer: curbside programs
Recycling diverted _____ tons of materials away from U.S. incinerators and landfills in 2010.
Recycling diverted _____ tons of materials away from U.S. incinerators and landfills in 2010.
Answer: 65 million
Nearly ___ of US states now ban yard wastes from the municipal waste stream & are accelerating the move to composting.
Nearly ___ of US states now ban yard wastes from the municipal waste stream & are accelerating the move to composting.
Answer: half
The conversion of organic waste into mulch or humus through natural decomposition. It can be used to enrich soil
The conversion of organic waste into mulch or humus through natural decomposition. It can be used to enrich soil
Answer: composting
Many govts have banned _______ bags.
Many govts have banned _______ bags.
Answer: non biodegradable
_______ can take centuries to decompose. They choke and entangle wildlife and cause litter. 100 billion of them are discarded each year in the United States.
_______ can take centuries to decompose. They choke and entangle wildlife and cause litter. 100 billion of them are discarded each year in the United States.
Answer: Grocery bags
_______ prevents waste in the first place, avoids costs of disposal & recycling, helps conserve resources, minimizes pollution & can save consumers & businesses money.
_______ prevents waste in the first place, avoids costs of disposal & recycling, helps conserve resources, minimizes pollution & can save consumers & businesses money.
Answer: source reduction
_______ decompose waste in a landfill's oxygen-deficient environment.
_______ decompose waste in a landfill's oxygen-deficient environment.
Answer: bacteria
Historical use of incineration was done to reduce the volume of waste, but it can generate __________as well.
Historical use of incineration was done to reduce the volume of waste, but it can generate __________as well.
Answer: electricity
In ________, hazardous chemicals are created which an be released into the atmosphere. Scrubbers chemically treat the gases, remove hazardous parts, neutralize acidic gases & Baghouse removes polluted fly ash from the exhaust
In ________, hazardous chemicals are created which an be released into the atmosphere.
Scrubbers chemically treat the gases, remove hazardous parts, neutralize acidic gases & Baghouse removes polluted fly ash from the exhaust
Answer: incineration
The controlled process that burns garbage at very high temperatures & reduced weight by 75% & volume by 90%
The controlled process that burns garbage at very high temperatures & reduced weight by 75% & volume by 90%
Answer: incineration
In _____, _____ in 1987, full landfills forced a barge to take the waste to North Carolina, Louisiana & Mexico. All those states rejected the barge & after a 6000 mile journey, it returned to NY to be incinerated.
In _____, _____ in 1987, full landfills forced a barge to take the waste to North Carolina, Louisiana & Mexico. All those states rejected the barge & after a 6000 mile journey, it returned to NY to be incinerated.
Answer: Islip, NY
One drawback of landfills is the ______ (NIMBY) syndrome to find new locations.
One drawback of landfills is the ______ (NIMBY) syndrome to find new locations.
Answer: not-in-my-backyard
To avoid ________ , water is kept out & waste kept dry (But dry waste doesn't decay much).
To avoid ________ , water is kept out & waste kept dry (But dry waste doesn't decay much).
Answer: leachate
Sanitary landfills must be located away from ______, ________-prone faults, 20ft above the _____ _____, and must be lined with plastic & clay.
Sanitary landfills must be located away from ______, ________-prone faults, 20ft above the _____ _____, and must be lined with plastic & clay.
Answer: wetlands, earthquakes, water table
With __________is partly decomposed by bacteria, compressed under its own weight to make more space, soil is layered in to reduce odor, speed decomposition, and reduce infestation by pests & some water is allowed in to help decomposition.
With __________is partly decomposed by bacteria, compressed under its own weight to make more space, soil is layered in to reduce odor, speed decomposition, and reduce infestation by pests & some water is allowed in to help decomposition.
Answer: waste
In ____ ______, waste is buried/piled to prevent contamination & health threats (EPA's Resource Conservation & Recovery Act of 1976).
In ____ ______, waste is buried/piled to prevent contamination & health threats (EPA's Resource Conservation & Recovery Act of 1976).
Answer: sanitary landfills
As of 2010, _____% of waste was landfilled, ___% incinerated & ___% recovered.
As of 2010, _____% of waste was landfilled, ___% incinerated & ___% recovered.
Answer: 54, 12, 34
Current recycling technology has __________ pressure on landfills.
Current recycling technology has __________ pressure on landfills.
Answer: decreased
Most industrialized nations now bury waste in lined & covered _________ or burn it in ______ facilities.
Most industrialized nations now bury waste in lined & covered _________ or burn it in ______ facilities.
Answer: landfills, incineration
NYC dumped garbage into the ___ ____ until mid-19th century.
NYC dumped garbage into the ___ ____ until mid-19th century.
Answer: East River
Waste generation have increased more than fivefold in the _____ _____
Waste generation have increased more than fivefold in the _____ _____
Answer: Middle East
Waste generation rates over the past 3 decades have more than doubled in __
Waste generation rates over the past 3 decades have more than doubled in ____ _____
Answer: Latin America
_______ consume fewer resources, generate less waste, consumption is greatly increasing, rising standard of living, & have more packaging & poor-quality goods.
_______ consume fewer resources, generate less waste, consumption is greatly increasing, rising standard of living, & have more packaging & poor-quality goods.
Answer: developing nations
Waste generation has dropped slightly between ______ and _____.
Waste generation has dropped slightly between ______ and _____.
Answer: 2005, 2010
A person generates ____lb (2 kg) of waste per day, ____ ton of municipal solid waste per year, & ___ tons in a lifetime.
A person generates ____lb (2 kg) of waste per day, ____ ton of municipal solid waste per year, & ___ tons in a lifetime.
Answer: 4.4, 1, 102
Since 1960, waste generation has increased _______ times, per capita it has increased _____%.
Since 1960, waste generation has increased _______ times, per capita it has increased _____%.
Answer: 2.8, 65
Where does most municipal solid waste comes from?
Where does most municipal solid waste comes from?
Answer: Packaging & nondurable goods (trash" or "garbage",paper, yard debris, food scraps, and plastics)`
There will always be some waste left to dispose of, they can be disposed in__
There will always be some waste left to dispose of, they can be disposed in________ or ___________ __________
Answer: landfills , through incineration
The proper sequence of recycling actions are:
The proper sequence of recycling actions are:
a. (1) use of recyclables to manufacture new products, (2) consumers purchasing products made from recyclable materials, (3) collection & processing of recyclable materials
b. (1) collection & processing of recyclable materials, (2) use of recyclables to manufacture new products, (3) consumers purchasing products made from recyclable materials
c. (1) use of recyclables to manufacture new products, (2) collection & processing of recyclable materials, (3) consumers purchasing products made from recyclable materials
d. (1) consumers purchasing products made from recyclable materials, (2) collection & processing of recyclable materials, (3) use of recyclables to manufacture new products,
Answer: b. (1) collection & processing of recyclable materials, (2) use of recyclables to manufacture new products, (3) consumers purchasing products made from recyclable materials
The first bottle bills were:
The first bottle bills were:
a. Designed to provide glass for road construction
b. Initiated in the 1990s
c. Designed to cut down on litter
d.. Designed to provide incentives to industry
e. . A consequence of landfill regulations
Answer: c. Designed to cut down on litter
In 2007, San Francisco became the 1st US city to ban what?
In 2007, San Francisco became the 1st US city to ban what?
a. Sanitary landfills
b. Paper from entering their waste stream
c. Plastic shopping bags
d. E-waste
e. composting
Answer: c. Plastic shopping bags
The most problematic greenhouse gas produced from most landfills is:
The most problematic greenhouse gas produced from most landfills is:
a. Carbon dioxide
b. Methane
c. Water vapor
d. Ozone
e. nitrogen
Answer: b. Methane
In the U.S., the approach which best reduces the volume and weight of municipal solid waste is:
In the U.S., the approach which best reduces the volume and weight of municipal solid waste is:
a. In open pits
b. Composting
c. Sanitary landfills
d. Incineration
e. Municipal sewage treatment
Answer: d. Incineration
Which method would you support to reduce the waste stream?
Which method would you support to reduce the waste stream?
a. Government mandates that force manufacturers to use less packaging
b. Charging the consumer more for products that use lots of packaging
c. Letting industries determine how much packaging they want to use
d. Leaving it alone; this is not a high priority for me.
Answer: ALL OF THEM ARE CORRECT
Radioactive waste
Radioactive waste
a. is dangerous, but not persistent in the environment.
b. is not harmful to the environment, but is persistent.
c. is dangerous to human health and is persistent.
d. is not dangerous to human health, but is dangerous to the environment.
Answer: c. is dangerous to human health and is persistent.
There are several reasons why recycling is increasing; which of the following is NOT a reason?
There are several reasons why recycling is increasing; which of the following is NOT a reason?
a. Municipalities want to reduce waste inputs.
b.The public obtains satisfaction from recycling
c. It is usually profitable.
d. There are enormous energy and material savings.
Answer: c. It is usually profitable.
Within a sanitary landfill, waste is
Within a sanitary landfill, waste is
a. poured into deep wells.
b. stored in large piles and then burned.
c. buried in the ground or piled up in large. carefully engineered mounds.
d. put onto barges and shipped overseas.
Answer: c. buried in the ground or piled up in large. carefully engineered mounds.
What are some ways we can reuse items to keep them from entering the waste stream?
What are some ways we can reuse items to keep them from entering the waste stream?
a. Donate used items to charity.
b. Borrow items you need, instead of buying them.
c. Make double-sided copies.
d. All of the above are ways to reduce the waste stream.
Answer: d. All of the above are ways to reduce the waste stream.
Another name for municipal solid waste is
Another name for municipal solid waste is
a. yard waste.
b. . industrial waste.
c. hazardous waste.
d. trash or garbage.
Answer: d. trash or garbage.
Which of the following components of waste management is the most preferred?
Which of the following components of waste management is the most preferred?
a. Minimizing the amount of waste we generate
b. Recovering waste materials and finding ways to recycle them
c. Disposing of waste safely and effectively
d. Any of these components works well—they are all equal in their effectiveness
Answer: a. Minimizing the amount of waste we generate
It took a raid by the following organization to get Rocky Flats into court and into the public eye?
It took a raid by the following organization to get Rocky Flats into court and into the public eye?
a. CIA
b. FBI
c. DOJ
d. DOD
Answer: b. FBI
The workers at Rocky Flats were well informed of the risks and had appropriate safety measures in place?
The workers at Rocky Flats were well informed of the risks and had appropriate safety measures in place?
a. True
b. False
Answer: a. True
What chemical did Rocky Flats utilize as its primary raw material?
What chemical did Rocky Flats utilize as its primary raw material?
a. Hydrogen
b. Uranium
c. Carbon Dioxide
d. Plutonium
Answer: d. Plutonium
Rocky Flats came into significance during what period of US history?
Rocky Flats came into significance during what period of US history?
a. Bay of Pigs
b. Cold War
c. Korean War
d. Vietnam War
Answer: b. Cold War
Near what city & state was Rocky Flats located?
Near what city & state was Rocky Flats located?
a. Nashville, TN
b. Las Vegas, NV
c. Denver, CO
d. Seattle, WA
Answer: c. Denver, CO
The _____ was a former nuclear weapons production facility in the western United States, near Denver, Colorado.Operated from 1952 to 1992, it was under the control of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), succeeded by the Department of Energy (DOE) in 1977. Weapons production was temporarily halted in 1989 after EPA and FBI agents raided the facility. Operators of the plant later pleaded guilty to criminal violations of environmental law. At the time, the fine was one of the largest penalties ever in an environmental law case.
The _____ was a former nuclear weapons production facility in the western United States, near Denver, Colorado.Operated from 1952 to 1992, it was under the control of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), succeeded by the Department of Energy (DOE) in 1977. Weapons production was temporarily halted in 1989 after EPA and FBI agents raided the facility. Operators of the plant later pleaded guilty to criminal violations of environmental law. At the time, the fine was one of the largest penalties ever in an environmental law case.
Answer: Rocky Flats Plant
Tom's River was able to finally able to get help towards solving its water contamination problems due to what?
Tom's River was able to finally able to get help towards solving its water contamination problems due to what?
a. Federal & state investigations
b. Tom's River citizen activism
c. Ciba-Geigy stepped up & corrected the situation
d. Expose down by the New York Times
Answer: b. Tom's River citizen activism
What event caused significant exposure that led to the downfall of Ciba-Geigy?
What event caused significant exposure that led to the downfall of Ciba-Geigy?
a. An investigative reporter uncovered secret documents
b. Ciba-Geigy's chemical dump sites were tested and found to be extremely toxic
c. Ciba-Geigy's chemical pipeline to the ocean burst in the middle of town.
d. An employee of Ciba-Geigy told the story of what was really going on the local newspaper
Answer: c. Ciba-Geigy's chemical pipeline to the ocean burst in the middle of town. `
What was the name of the chemical company who was responsible for this tragic event?
What was the name of the chemical company who was responsible for this tragic event?
a. Dow Chemical
b. Dupont
c. Hooker Chemical
d. Ciba-Geigy
Answer: d. Ciba-Geigy
What was the name of activist homeowner who became the leader of the effort to relocate Tom's River families?
What was the name of activist homeowner who became the leader of the effort to relocate Tom's River families?
a. Lois Gibbs
b. David Pollack
c. Michael Moore
d. Linda Gillick
Answer: d. Linda Gillick
In what state is Tom's River?
In what state is Tom's River?
a. New York
b. Pennsylvania
c. New Jersey
d. Delaware
Answer: c. New Jersey
In the mid-1990s, state and federal health and environmental agencies identified an increased incidence of childhood cancers in Toms River from the 1970-1995 period. Multiple investigations by state and federal environmental and health agencies indicated that the likely source of the increased cancer risk was contamination from Toms River Chemical Plant (then operated by Ciba-Geigy), which had been in operation since 1952. The area was designated a United States.
In the mid-1990s, state and federal health and environmental agencies identified an increased incidence of childhood cancers in Toms River from the 1970-1995 period. Multiple investigations by state and federal environmental and health agencies indicated that the likely source of the increased cancer risk was contamination from Toms River Chemical Plant (then operated by Ciba-Geigy), which had been in operation since 1952. The area was designated a United States.
Answer: Tom's River
Despite all the cleanup activities the response by the government to early concerns by the citizens was immediate relocation of all families in Love Canal.
Despite all the cleanup activities the response by the government to early concerns by the citizens was immediate relocation of all families in Love Canal.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b. False
What was the name of the chemical company who initially dumped the toxic chemicals into the canal?
What was the name of the chemical company who initially dumped the toxic chemicals into the canal?
a. Dow Chemical
b. Dupont
c. Hooker Chemical
d. Ciba-Geigy
Answer: c. Hooker Chemical
Who was President of the U.S. when Love Canal exploded into a major incident?
Who was President of the U.S. when Love Canal exploded into a major incident?
a. George W. Bush
b. Bill Clinton
c. Jimmy Carter
d. Richard Nixon
Answer: c. Jimmy Carter
What was the name of the activist homeowner who became the leader of the effort to relocate Love Canal families?
What was the name of the activist homeowner who became the leader of the effort to relocate Love Canal families?
a. Lois Gibbs
b. David Pollack
c. Michael Moore
d. Linda Gillick
Answer: a. Lois Gibbs
Near what city & state was Love Canal located?
Near what city & state was Love Canal located?
a. Rochester, NY
b. Albany, NY
c. Niagara Falls, NY
d. Syracuse, NY
Answer: c. Niagara Falls, NY
In 1978, __________ ________, located near Niagara Falls in upstate New York, was a nice little working-class enclave with hundreds of houses and a school. It just happened to sit atop 21,000 tons of toxic industrial waste that had been buried underground in the 1940s and '50s by a local company.
In 1978, __________ ________, located near Niagara Falls in upstate New York, was a nice little working-class enclave with hundreds of houses and a school. It just happened to sit atop 21,000 tons of toxic industrial waste that had been buried underground in the 1940s and '50s by a local company.
Answer: Love Canal
It is difficult to find locations for new landfills because:
It is difficult to find locations for new landfills because:
a. It is expensive
b. Site must have access to an ocean or a river
c. Site must be public land
d. Not in my backyard
Answer: d. Not in my backyard
Where did New York City dump its trash until the mid 19th century?
Where did New York City dump its trash until the mid 19th century?
a. East River
b. Hudson River
c. New Jersey
d. Atlantic Ocean
Answer: a. East River
The average person in the U.S. generates approximately 4.4 pounds of waste per what period?
The average person in the U.S. generates approximately 4.4 pounds of waste per what period?
a. Hour
b. Day
c. Week
d. Month
Answer: b. Day
If waste management is done properly one never has any waste remaining.
If waste management is done properly one never has any waste remaining.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b. False
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hazardous waste?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hazardous waste?
a. Toxic
b. Flammable
c. Recyclable
d. Corrosive
Answer: c. Recyclable
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