Other than in downtown Johannesburg, the worst air pollution in the region in the year 2000 was in Soweto. The probable explanation is that in downtown Johannesburg ________, while in Soweto ________.
A) coal-fired electrical plants were the cause; automobile traffic in overcrowded areas was the problem
B) automobile traffic was the cause; automobile traffic was also the cause
C) automobile traffic was the cause; the burning of fuels in each home for heating, light, and cooking was the major contributor to indoor and outdoor air pollution
D) gasoline-powered electrical generators were the cause; trash incinerators were a problem
E) trash incinerators were a problem; gasoline-powered electrical generators were the cause
Answer: C
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AP Environmental Science
- One of the promises made by the government in 1994 was "free electricity." Since 2003 the government has provided a small amount of electricity free to each household. Beyond that, a household must pay for the electricity that it uses. Many people would prefer a flat-rate pricing system, where each household throughout greater Johannesburg would pay the same rate each month. This would mean that ________.
- The major long-term global problem with using coal to generate electricity is the ________.
- Along with many other governmental reforms that began in 1994, the electrical plant just outside Soweto was closed in 2000, and other plants were brought into use. Some parts of Soweto were then wired for electricity. It is estimated, however, that only about 30% of the more than 1 million black inhabitants have electricity in their homes; the remainder either cannot afford the costs involved or live in areas that have no electrical access. These inhabitants probably use ________ for fuel.
- The heavy levels of soot from the electrical plant upwind of Soweto, along with dust from gigantic mine dumps from gold and coal mines, created particulate pollution more than three times the recommended level. This would be expected to result in ________.
- The fact that there is a high sulfur content in the coal burned in South African power plants means that the ________.
- ______ would oppose fuel efficiency standards because they believe that we will either find more oil or find an alternative solution to the fossil fuel crisis.
- What measure(s) might consumers take to aid in the fossil fuel crisis?
- What alternative measure might the government take to aid in the fossil fuel crisis?
- What factor might lead to more political support for higher fuel-efficiency standards?
- Why would the consumption of fossils fuels remain high, despite high prices?
- Which of the following would contribute to a rapid increase in crude oil prices?
- One of the conclusions that can be drawn from this scenario is that ________.
- How do the prairie dogs in this story meet the definition of a keystone species?
- Once the prairie dogs were poisoned and no longer a part of the ecosystem, which of the following probably occurred?
- In the late 1800s and early 1900s farmers and ranchers slaughtered coyotes, bobcats, wolves, mountain lions, eagles, and rattlesnakes, trying to protect their cattle. One direct result may have been ________.
- When the rains came down on the rocky mountainsides, the water ran down into the grasslands where the prairie dogs were active and ________.
- Prairie dog activities probably contribute to ________.
- The relationship between flowering plants and bees is best described as ________.
- Global warming has been hypothesized to cause many plants to flower earlier. If bees search for food earlier in response to this, this would represent ________ within the community.
- Intense hurricanes resulting from global warming can directly lead to ________ within communities.
- If the climate warms significantly, tundra permafrost may melt, which may lead to ________ the community.
- Which of the following is likely to have occurred after 1923?
- The initial population of Kaibab deer in 1906 was about 4000. In an area of about 800,000 acres, this works out to an average density of one deer per 200 acres. What is the density in 1923?
- The removal of the livestock and predators, and the cessation of hunting in 1907 ________.
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